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INDONESIA
Makara Journal of Technology
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Computer Science & IT
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 7, No 3 (2003)" : 8 Documents clear
Application of Tabu Search Algorithm in Job Shop Scheduling Betrianis, Betrianis; Aryawan, Putu
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.72

Abstract

Tabu Search is one of local search methods which is used to solve the combinatorial optimization problem. This method aimed is to make the searching process of the best solution in a complex combinatorial optimization problem(np hard), ex : job shop scheduling problem, became more effective, in a less computational time but with no guarantee to optimum solution.In this paper, tabu search is used to solve the job shop scheduling problem consists of 3 (three) cases, which is ordering package of September, October and November with objective of minimizing makespan (Cmax). For each ordering package, there is a combination for initial solution and tabu list length. These result then  compared with 4 (four) other methods using basic dispatching rules such as Shortest Processing Time (SPT), Earliest Due Date (EDD), Most Work Remaining (MWKR) dan First Come First Served (FCFS). Scheduling used Tabu Search Algorithm is sensitive for variables changes and gives makespan shorter than scheduling used by other four methods.
Identification of The First Limiting Amino Acid In Cooked Polished White Rice Fed To Weanling Holtzman Rats Masrizal, Mellova; Lamb, J
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.68

Abstract

Forty-eight male weanling rats (91 g) were utilized to study the nutritional adequacy of cooked polished white rice. Rats were individually housed, and allowed ad libitum access to one of six treatment diets. Treatment diets were 1) polished white rice plus 10% casein and 0.18% methionine, CAS, 2) polished white rice, WHR, 3) polished white rice plus 0.45% lysine, LYS, 4) polished white rice plus0.40% methionine, MET, 5) polished white rice plus 0.30% threonine, THR, 6) polished white rice plus 0.45% lysine, 0.40% methionine, and 0.40% threonine, COM. Rice was cooked prior diet formulation using a 3 to 1 ratio of water to rice. Vitamins (AIN-76) and AIN minerals were added to all diets to meet NRC (1978) requirements. Rats fed CAS diets were significantly heavier on d 21 (P<0.05) than rats on COM, LYS, MET, THR, or WHR diets, (219.9 vs. 171.6, 153.2, 153.2, 148.3, or 155.4 g respectively). Supplementation of the most deficient essential amino acids, lysine (LYS) or methionine (MET) did not improve (P>0.05) rat performance over WHR fed rats, Average daily gain (ADG) for CAS was 6.1 g/d and ADG for LYS and MET was 3.0 g/d. The addition of threonine (THR) significantly (P<0.05) reduced ADG when compared to WHR diets (2.7 vs. 3.0 g/d). When rats were fed to COM diet significant (P<0.05) improvement in ADG was observed compared to WHR fed rats (4.8 vs. 3.0 g/d). The increased gains achieved with COM diet and the poor gains observed with the single amino acid diets (LYS, MET, or THR) would suggest that polished white rice is limiting in more than one essential amino acid.
Role of K3-xHxPW12O40 as a Catalyst in Selective Catalysis of Methylamine Synthesis from Ammonia and Methanol Nasikin, Mohammad
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.73

Abstract

Synthesize of methylamine from methanol and ammonia was studied in this research work using a partially potassium heteropoly salt (K3-xHxPW12O40 abbreviated as KPW) as a catalyst. KPW was prepared from heteropoly salt and potassium carbonate by using ion exchange method. The reaction was conducted at 600 ~ 800K and at the atmospheric pressure. Reactor used was a continue flow reactor with W/F=0,1~0,9g-kat.mnt./cc.Concentration of reactants and products were analyzed by gas chromathography while catalyst structure was observed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). Isothermal adsorption method was used for determining catalyst pore size. The result showed that ion exchange between H ion in zeolit with K ion produced potassium heteropoly salt that caused the change of interstitial space. The change of interstitial space was observed by the change of the lattice constant of the catalyst crystal. Trimethylamine(TMA) has molecule size smaller than catalyst pore size but bigger than molecular size of Dimethylamine (DMA) and Monimethylamine (MMA). This phenomenon caused the suppression of TMA formation. KPW has a rigid crystal structure and stabil during reaction. On the other hand, crystal structure of a non selective catalyst (NH4)3PW12O40 was not rigid and its pore size is easy to change depending on the product molecule size.
An Economic Analysis of Variable Rate Technology Surjandari, Isti; Batte, Marvin; Miranda, Mario
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.69

Abstract

Variable Rate Technology (VRT) offers an opportunity to improve production efficiency by allowing input applications to fluctuate in response to spatial variations in soil characteristics and nutrient levels. Society may also benefit from reduced negative externalities, such as surface and groundwater contamination, from input applications. Using a dynamic spatial model, this study examines how the interaction among variability, spatial autocorrelation, and mean level of soil fertility affects optimal sampling density and the economic gains from VRT. VRT was found to be profitable under selected conditions, and the optimal grid size will vary with these conditions. In the case where variability and mean fertility levels are significantly high associated with low spatial autocorrelation, VRT produces greater net returns than Uniform Rate Technology (URT), even with the smallest grid size to base the input application decisions. Results also demonstrate that optimal grid size increases with increased spatial autocorrelation.
Study on Electrochromic Effect of Polyaniline Film Handojo, Lienda; Simangunsong, Junus
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.74

Abstract

The light transmission factor of an electrochromic film changes reversibly with the application of an electrical voltage. Thereby the transparent film becomes reversibly opaque so that it may be used to control light transmission. In this paper the results of a study on polyaniline film as an electrochromic active material is reported. Polyaniline looks yellow transparent in the reduced state and turns to green-blue at its oxidized state. The electrochromic device considered in this paper was fabricated in planar configuration of ITO glass - polyaniline film - electrolyte - ITO glass which involved 1.0M H2SO4 solution. The measurement of the current density yields voltamograms for several values of the rate of voltage change, while the optical  characteristics were measured with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. To inspect the light control properties, the intensity of solar radiation propagating through the device was derived. It is found that in its reduced state, the device transmits 70% of the incoming radiation, while in the oxidized state only 11% of the radiation is left. The result of recycling test indicated that film is stable over 5,000 cycles.
Adoption of Variable Rate Technology Surjandari, Isti; Batte, Marvin
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.70

Abstract

Site Specific Management (SSM), which also  variously referred to as Variable Rate Technology (VRT), is an emerging technology that enables producers to make more precise input application decisions based on soil and field characteristics. This study analyzes factors influencing the adoption of VRT for fertilizer application for cash grain production in Ohio. Results show that producer and field characteristics might influence the adoption decision on various SSM components differently. It also provides insight as to the sequence of adoption of SSM component technologies and how this sequence might differ for producers of differing characteristics.
Alum and PACl Coagulation Winarni, Winarni
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.75

Abstract

Alum and PACl Coagulation. Coagulation occurs by interaction of aluminum hydrolysis products with the contaminant such as colloidal particles. It is necessary to consider the different aluminum species that may present during specific conditions, since the mechanism of turbidity removal is dependent upon them. PACl consists of preformed aluminum hydrolysis products, which are stable below pH 6 and less sensitive than in situ hydrolysis product, alum. The benefits of PACl relative to alum have been investigated as a function of pH and Al dosages. Specific conditions and aluminum species that exist during the certain mechanisms of  coagulation are discussed. Results suggest that PACl is more effective than alum in lower pH range and high pH range, whereas alum is optimum in the neutral condition.
The Selection of Materials for Roller Chains From The Perspective Of Manufacturing Process Saptono, Rahmat
Makara Journal of Technology Vol 7, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/mst.v7i3.71

Abstract

The selection of materials for an engineering component is not only requested by its design function and shape, but also the sequence through which it is manufactured. The manufacturing operation of roller chains involves drawing and trimming processes aimed at producing semi-finished chain drives component with a well-standardized dimension. In addition to final combination of properties required by design constraints, the ability of materials to be formed into a desired shape and geometry without failure is also critical. The objective of materials selection should therefore involve additional attributes that are not typically  accommodated by the standard procedure of materials selection. The present paper deals with the selection of materials for roller chains from the perspective of manufacturing process. Ears and un-uniform wall thickness have been identified as a key problem in the mass production of component. Provided all process parameters were established, the  anisotropy factor of materials is critical. Simulative test can be reasonably used to obtain material performance indices that can be added up to the standard procedure of material selection. Of three commercially available steel grades evaluated with regard to the criteria defined, one grade is more suitable for the present objective.

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