Among Plant Growh Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) groups, endophytic bacteria considered as one of the options to control vascular wilt disease because of its ability to live and colonized internal roots of plants without causing any damages. Our previous research had screened 9 isolates which had best ability to promote growth rate and increase yields of tomato and biocontrol agents of R. solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp solani in planta condition. In order to know its abilities, those isolates need to be characterized. This research purposedto characterize those isolates abilities to produce IAA, phosphate solubilizing, siderophore production, cyanide production, NH3 production, and ability to colonize endophytically and identified the isolates using 16S rRNA. Result shown that all isolates can produce IAA, where TLE1.1 produce highest IAA concentration (42.5 ppm). Isolates E1AB1.3, TLE 1.1 and TLE2.2 can dissolved phosphate. None of the isolates produced HCN and NH3. Only TLE 2.3 isolate can produce siderophore. All of 9 isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene using 27F and 1492R primers. All isolates were identified as different species, i.e. Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112 (EPL1.1.3), Serratia nematodiphila strain DZ0503SBS1 (TLE2.3), Bacillus anthracis strain ATCC 14578 (EPL1.1.4), Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (TLE1.1), Bacillus cereus strain JCM 2152 (SNE2.2), Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain ATCC 23373 (E1.AB1.2), Serratia marcescens strain NBRC 102204 (E1AB2.1), Klebsiella michiganensis strain W14 (TLE2.2), and Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae strain JM-534 (KLE3.3).

Oil recovery test has been done by using crude biosurfactant from Brevundimonas diminuta and Bhurkholderia glumae indigenous halo tolerant bacteria with the vatiation of NaCl salt concentration 0; 1.5; 3; 4.5; 6; and 7.5%. Oil recovery test was obtained by determining % TPH (Total Petrolem Hidrocarbon). The sample concentration was 28.19% TPH, it was extracted by using biosurfactant of  Brevundimonas diminuta and Bhurkholderia glumae bacteria, the optimal salitnity conditions were  at 3, 4.5% salt concentrations with the value oil recovery as much as 50.41, 69.97 % respectively. Oil components which extraction by biosurfactant were analyzed by using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry). The result from analyzes GC-MS could be concluded that bacteria Brevundimonas diminuta could dissolve hydrocarbon compounds short chain carbon atom at fraction <C10–C14 and long chain carbon atom at fraction >C22. <C10, C11-C14dan C15-C17  and Bhurkholderia glumae could dissolve hydrocarbon compounds short chain carbon atom at fraction <C10–C14 and long chain carbon atom at fraction >C22 according to the retention time.

Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae possess several of extracellular and intracellular of enzymes beneficial to cassava fermentation. Tapioka (cassava starch) has limited uses in food industries due to its low pasting properties, therefore, biomodification by the use of fermentation is needed. The research was aimed to monitor the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and L. plantarum during tapioca fermentation, and to evaluate the chemical change, of the fermented tapioka. Mixed cultures was inoculated at the designed concentration into tapioca suspension and incubated at room temperature (30±2oC) in facultative aerobic condition for 0, 24, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h. The growth change of S.cerevisiae and L. plantarum was monitored, and the change of pH, residual sugar, and starch granule was investigate. The result showed that S. cerevisiae had longer lag phase as well as stationary than L. plantarum was; nevertheless, they both reached log phase at the same time. Co-inoculated mixed cultures did not affect the change on pH and reducing sugar but increased pronouncely protein content at stationary period. Besides, there was sign of erosion to the structure of cassava starch granules which was an indication of changes in the pasting property of the cassava starch. 

Staphylococcus aureus is one of major pathogens causing serious infection. Penicillin antibiotic is one of therapies against Staphylococcus infection. However, inadequate and irrational use of antibiotic causes resistance and emerges incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herbal medicine from pineapple core extract is hopefully can reduce the incidence of antibiotics resistance. This research was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of pineapple core extract against MRSA.This research is true experimental with post-test controlled group design. Pineapple core was extracted by maceration method. Ethanol extract of pineapple core is dissolved with sterilized water and obtained concentration of 750, 500, 250, 187.5, 125, and 62.5 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth dilution test with five replications. Vancomycin was used as control group. MIC was observed visually by comparing turbidity of solutions after incubation at 37oC for 24 hours. Then these solutions were cultured on nutrient agar plates at 37oC for 24 hours. MBC was observed visually by inspecting the presence of bacterial colonies growth.The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) could not be determined due to no turbidity changes. Vancomycin cannot be used for determining MIC. Cultures on nutrient agar plates had no colonies growth in concentrations of 750 and 500 mg/ml. Thus, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 500 mg/ml.Pineapple core extract contains bromelain, flavonoid, saponin, and tanin, which have antibacterial effect. In summary, pineapple core extract has antibacterial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MBC of 500 mg/ml.

The objectives of this study were to analyze phytochemical content of bawang hutan bulbs extract (Eleutherine palmifolia) and to test the inhibitory potential of bawang hutan bulbs extract on the growth of Vibrio harveyi bacteria at different doses. This study was conducted in March-May 2017 in Testing Laboratory of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty of Halu Oleo University and Laboratory of Fish Health of Aquaculture Department of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty and Laboratory of Biopharmaca of Bogor Agricultural University. Test parameter included: (1) Phytochemical test through the method of color visualization, (2) Inhibitory potential test using two methods namely agar diffusion and co-culture. Treatment of dose consisted of positive control/K+ (Chloramphenicol 30 mg/ml), negative control/K- (Sterile Aquadest) and treatment of extract included A (20 mg/ml), B (40 mg/ml), C (60 mg/ml), D (80 mg/ml). Qualitatively, result of phytochemical test showed that bawang hutan bulbs extract contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin, quinone, steroid and triterpenoid compounds. Result of inhibitory potential test indicated that treatment D obtained the highest inhibitory potential, while the minimum inhibitory potential was found in treatment A. The best co-culture test result was also found in treatment D, in which 24 hours after co-culture was performed, no V. harveyi colonies (total bacteria of 0 CFU/mL) were found. Bawang hutan bulbs extract in this study was able to inhibit the growth of V. harveyi.

 In liquid wastes, especially domestic wastewater, many organic substances are mixed causing water quality degradation, one of them is ammonia. Liquid wastes containing ammonia can be treated using an activated sludge system. One of the active sludge that can be used is shrimp pond sediments. This experiment investigated the performance of microbes in shrimp pond sediments with the addition of EM4 in nitrification process for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration in a 8 L batch reactor capacity. The results show that the addition of shrimp pond sediment as the active sludge can remove high ammonia level almost completely and there is known interaction between time and variation of shrimp pond quantity (p value <0,05) to the decreasing of ammonia level. Efficiency of decreasing the concentration of ammonia up to 100% can be reached on the 15th day in each treatment. The addition of EM4 can shorten the decreasing of ammonia level by 50%. Keywords: Nitrification, Ammonia, Shrimp Pond Sediment, EM4, Activated Sludge

Lipase catalyses hydrolysis and esterification of lipids. The purpose of this research was to  obtain lipase producing indigenous fungi, to identify the selected fungi, to study optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme activity, as well as the  enzyme ability in interesterification reaction. The isolates used in the experiment were isolated from tempeh, oncom and BPPT laboratory culture collection. The results showed that three fungal isolates which isolated, tempe and oncom and  an isolate of BPPT-CC were positive produced lipase after qualitative assay using Rhodamine B, olive oil and PVA. The morphology identification of the isolates, revealed that R isolate was  Aspergillus sp, T isolate was Neurospora sp. and O isolate was Rhizopus sp. Upon quantitative assay from determination of the media and time production, potato dextro broth (PDB) with olive oil 2% in 48 hours fermentation showed the highest specific activity of the enzymes. Lipase produced from three isolate have the optimum at pH 4, temperatures at 40-45 °C and stable in interesterification reaction (55 °C) for 30-40 min. HPLC analysis after interesterification enzymatic reaction in mixture palm kernel olein (PKOo) and palm stearin (POs) showed that the composition of triglycerides (TAG) do not change if compared with the commercial lipase (Lypozyme TL1M).

Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) contains high protein content and delicious flavor, makes it highly demand each year. Production of V.volvacea does not merit the requirements due to its limited production. Therefore, approach in increasing production using mushroom growth promoting bacteria (MGPB) are needed. This study aims to obtain MGPB isolate as potential agent to increase V. volvacea strain WW-08 growth. This is experimental research in laboratory that consisted of indigenous bacteria isolation, MGPB screening with dual culture, MGPB inoculum optimization, molecular identification of selected MGPB using 16S rRNA, protein profiling with SDS-PAGE, and fruting body production. Indigenous bacteria obtained from growth medium were 58 isolate, and W34 bacteria at concentration of 106 sel/ml showed most significant result on micellium growth. Sequence of 16S rRNA region showed W34 bacteria is Bacillus cereus. Visualization of SDS-PAGE showed new protein in result of interaction between Bacillus cereus and V. volvacea strain WW-08 with molecule weight of 17kDa. Average of fruting body of V. volvacea strain WW-08 in treatment of B. cereus harvested for 7 days, was 240.19g, whereas without treatment of B. cereus was 82.15g. These findings indicate treatement of B. cereus strain W34 increase V. volvacea WW-08 growth by 300%.