Pathogen attacks often occur on oil palm plants, particularly on the central nursery. Factors that affect the attack are plant and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the location of planting (temperature and humidity) and the administration of KCL fertilizer on the invasion of fungal pathogens on oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) In nurseries (Main - nursery). This research was carried out on Jalan Jendral Sudirman Km. 9, Pasir Putih Village, Baamang District, East Kotawaringin Regency, Sampit. The testing of palm oil seedling samples was carried out at the Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Palangka Raya Class II Agricultural Quarantine Center. The design of this study was Split Plots Design. The planting location factors were considered to be more influential, so they are placed as main plots with three levels, namely the location of the greenhouse, open space and using 80% paranet and KCL fertilizer as a subplot with two levels. Each plot was compiled with RAL with four replications. The results of the study obtained both planting systems, environmental factors in the form of temperature and humidity, as well as giving KCl fertilizer as a whole have a significant effect on the growth of fungal pathogens on oil palm plants. In cultivating oil palm plants, it is recommended to use the planting system in open land by providing KCl fertilizer.

Physical Characteristics and Durability of Cemara Gunung Wood (Casuarina junghuniana) in the Mt. Bromo Probolinggo. The purpose of this study is to find out the physical characteristics of Cemara Gunung wood and to know the durability of Cemara Gunung wood toward termite. The using methods knew the water content, density, and the development of wood thickness. Meanwhile, the selecting of wood durability test without the picking of using soil termites (Macrotermes gilvus) against the three wood samples by using (SNI) 01-7207-2014 regarding the durability of wood test towards wood-destroying organisms. The deriving results showed that the moisture content of the sapwood portion was more significant than the heartwood, based upon the highest density test on the heartwood, which was 1.24 g/cm3, the density of sapwood I and sapwood II was almost equal to 0.81-0, 82g/cm3. The higher the density value, the stronger the wood. The full development is directly proportional to density, the total development value of the two treatments is not too high due to hard Cemara Gunung wood. Based on the termite test showed the average weight reduction in the wood core test sample <3.52% (very resistant) class I. For testing sapwood, I and sapwood II (preservative) were not much different because it was included in the privileged class (3, 52-7,50) (class II). From the three trials of termite in bottles, the 15-day test (the bottle I) was the most effective followed by bottle II and bottle III.

Pamekasan Regency is one of the rice-producing areas in Madura. The problem which is the main subject of this research is how the quality of farmer grain quality in Pamekasan Regency. The study aimed to analyze the quality of Pamekasan Regency grain. This type of research is descriptive - quantitative, namely the type of research that combines quantitative and qualitative research. The analysis states that Pamekasan grain has a quantitative percentage of an empty grain of 0.9%, 3.2% green/lime grains, 18.6% yellow/damaged grains, and 0.3% red grains. It also fulfills the requirements for grain quality qualitative consisting of four characters, namely: 1) free of pests and diseases, 2) free of foul odors, acids and other odors, 3) free of chemicals and residual fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides, and 4) unhusked rice so that it has met the requirements of SNI quality grade grain quality standards II.

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) is one of the tropical plants that have high economic value. Teak plants are also often attacked by various types of pests, which results in a decrease in the quality and quantity of growth and yield. This research was conducted aimed at identifying the types of pests that damage the leaves of teak plants and determine the intensity of damage and frequency of pest attacks on teak plants located in Klamalu Village, Mariat District, Sorong Regency. Data retrieval is done by dividing five simple random lines, five plots taken as samples. The results showed several types of pests that attacked teak plants namely grasshoppers, aphids, teak leaf caterpillars, and white mites, with an average damage intensity due to the attack of locust pests 28.93% classified as moderate damage, caterpillar pest attack 22.53 % was classified as a criterion of mild impairment, 6.8% white flea pest attacks classified as criteria for minor damage and infestation attacks 5.7% were classified as criteria for minor damage. The frequency of attacks for each type of pest is Grasshopper Pests 35.2%, Teak Leaf Caterpillar Pests 30.4%, White Louse Pests 8.8% and Leaf Louse Pests by 4%

Kabun is a traditional farming system commonly practiced by people in Katingan District, Central Kalimantan. Land management carried out by the people of Katingan District since long ago using shifting cultivation. This farming system is an agroforestry system. The existence of "kabun" is expected as one of the mitigations of climate change, by maintaining the vegetation in the "kabun." The purpose of this study is to predict carbon storage of "kabun" as well as the history of management in the Buntut Bali Village, Pulau Malan subdistrict, Katingan District, Central Kalimantan. This research was carried out destructively for understorey and litter, and nondestructive for tree biomass and woody necromasses were carried out in 3 observation plots. In the observation plot 1 was obtained carbon stocks of 88.915 tons/ha, the presence of tree biomass contributed to carbon reserves of 81.263 tons/ha; plot of observations of the 2 carbon stocks obtained was 66,928 tons / ha, the most significant contribution of carbon stocks came from tree biomass 61,209 tons/ha; The plot of observations of the 3 carbon stocks was obtained at 72,375 tons/ha, and the biomass contribution of trees was 65,643 tons / ha.

Black Rice is a local commodity which apparently was not found in the Ciemas area of Sukabumi Regency alone, in several Districts in Sukabumi Regency, namely in the Districts of Waluran, Cidolog, and Kabandungan. Black rice from the nutritional content and benefits is no less significant. Black Rice prices are higher than white rice or consumption rice. Every Black Rice farmer still has problems in carrying out the postharvest handling process. This is the case with Chain Management (SCM) or supplies chain management by farmers; farmers also do this with different patterns. The income of lowland rice farmers is uncertain. Because the benefits of black rice and farmers' income fluctuate every year, it is necessary to check postharvest handling and to know and analyze how efficient workflows are to accelerate supply chain management, black rice reaches consumers and makes more enormous profits. Rather than spending money on black rice entrepreneurs. The results show that the postharvest handling process and the SCM pattern affect the income of farmers in Waluran, Ciemas, Surade, Cidolog, and Kabandungan, Sukabumi Regency.

Hati Tanah tuber (Angiopteris sp) is a plant part that is often used by Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan as a medicine to heal wounds. This plant is known to contain flavonoid, saponin, tannin and catechol compounds which in previous studies have proven that ethanol extract of this plant can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes infection in wounds. Some of these strains of bacteria are resistant to available antibiotics. In this study two bases of ointment were used, namely, the bottom of the hydrocarbon ointment and the base of the water-soluble lotion. This study aims to determine the ointment formulation which can inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria. Plant extraction is done by the soxhletation method. The inhibitory test in this study uses a process of planting discs that contain active substances as the primary test material. The results showed that the base ointment formulation which could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was an ointment formulation with a water-soluble base.

The purpose of this study is to analyzes the factors that influence the function of demand for rice in the province of Central Kalimantan during the last 20 years, and to determine the elasticity of demand for rice in the province of Central Kalimantan. Purposively making research sites in The Province of Central Kalimantan. Data collected in the form of secondary data that is demand for rice in the province of Central Kalimantan during the last 20 years with methods of literature arid study the documents that have been provided are obtained from agencies 1-nd private or government institutions that are related to this research The data analysis using Cobb Douglas function. The result of this study is that static analysis model adjusted R2 value of 0.945, which means the proportion of the contribution of independent variables to dependent variable amounted to 94.50%, while the remaining 5.50% is explained by other variables outside the- research such as taste, flavor and consumer Preference. Based on F test variable price of rice, the price of instant noodles, per capita income, population, and education together significantly affected the demand for rice. Based on t-test variable number of people significantly influence demand of rice at the rate of 95%, while per capita income and education variables significantly influence demand for rice at 90% confidence level. The variables specified in the model and does not affect the demand for rice in the Province of Central Kalimantan is the price of rice and the prices of instant noodles. Elasticity of demand for static model based on price elasticity, price inelastic. Based on cross elasticity, the price of instant noodles do not include substitute goods. Based on the income elasticity, per capita income, is inferior.

Nyaru Menteng Arboretum is one of Conservation area in Palangka Raya for biodiversity protection width 65,2ha and in that area have established an Orang Utan Reintroduction Center from Borneo Orangutan Save Foundation (BOSF). The aims of this research are to estimated the population density of Kelasi in this area and to know many kinds of Kelasi food and the part of trees that Kelasi put to eat. The result of this research that has found one species (young class) in January 2017, then we can find 3 species again in April 2017 there is one male, one female, and one young kelasi. Population density rate of Kelasiof 2017 is 0,06 species/ha that meaning is population density of Kelasi have a degraded experience if comparing with the same population density data on 2007 that found 15 species in the area (in 2 group)with 0,23 species/ha. Food sort of Kelasi is juvenile of : Jambu-jambu (Syzgium cerinum), Saga (Adenathera microsperma), cassava (Manihot utilisima), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), pineapple (Ananas comosus), Kelakai (Stenochlaena ralustris) dan jackfruit (Artocarpus integra), other fruits and residue of orangutan food in Reintroduction area lie pineapple and papaya.