Background: Nearly one-third of febrile seizure patients suffered recurrent febrile seizures.  Several risk factors contribute to this recurrence, namely young age, family history of febrile seizures, low body temperature and rapid duration of fever before onset of seizures. Recently, the types of seizure and gender have been stated increasing risk of this recurrence. The objectives of this study was to identify the  risk factors of recurrent febrile seizures.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out by retrieving data from inpatient medical records during the period of January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2013 at one of the top referral hospitals in West Java, Indonesia.  Variables of this study were the first febrile seizure age, gender, type of febrile seizure, a family history of febrile seizure, a family history of epilepsy, body temperature when febrile seizure occurred and duration of fever before onset of seizure. The collected data were tabulated by frequency and percentage and displayed in tables.Results: Out of 154 patients with febrile seizures 58 suffered recurrent febrile seizures. Forty three percent had a first febrile seizure at the age of under12 months, 72% were male, 46% had fever less than 24 hours before the onset of seizure, 65% had complex febrile seizures, 28% had positive family history of febrile seizures, and 5% had positive family history of epilepsy. Conclusions: The risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures are young age, male, rapid duration of fever before onset of seizure and complex febrile seizure. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1086

Background: Hand washing is among the most effective ways to prevent diseases. In Indonesia, only a quarter of the entire population practice proper handwashing techniques. Of these, children are the most vulnerable group for contracting diseases. Nevertheless, they also are crucial agent for behavior transformation as they are keen and open to new ideas. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if training would have an improvement on a proper hand washing practices among elementary school students.Methods:An observational descriptive study design using random sampling was conducted from September to November 2013 in Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java, Indonesia using primary data of one hundred elementary school students from four elementary schools. Questionnaires were given after informed consent. A demonstration on hand washing techniques and education on proper hand washing practices was then given. Two weeks later, the same questionnaire was given to measure the influence of the training. The collected data were presented using frequency tabulation.Results: Before the training on proper hand washing practices was conducted, only 86.9% students were practicing it properly. After the training was given, 90.7% of the students were doing it properly. For the hand washing technique, only 66.8% of students knew the correct steps before the intervention was given and 78.7% students did them correctly after the intervention.Conclusions:The training shows an overall improvement on the students’ hand washing practices. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1073

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a neurologic disease affecting hands, which is closely related to work, and is the most prevalent nerve compression disease. The incidence of CTS quite often occur in people working with their hands, for instance the administrative staff, especially in a busy workplace such as Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. CTS causes reduction in work productivity, and consequently degrading family welfare and the quality of public service. For that very reason, the prevalence and characteristics of CTS among administrative staff at Dr.HasanSadikin General Hospital Bandung needed to be revealed.Methods: This quantitative descriptive study involved 94 administrative staff in the Medical record department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital using the Carpal-tunnel.net questionnaire and further examinations by neurologists. Variables involved in this study were the subject characteristics.Results: Out of the 90 subjects, 22 stated having symptoms related to CTS (prevalence, 24.4%). On further clinical examination, 3 were diagnosed of suffering from CTS (prevalence, 3.3%).Conclusions: Carpal tunnel syndrome is found among the administrative staff at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung  and the prevalence is lower than in the general population. A further study is required to reveal ther specific division in the hospital with the most prevalent CTS case.DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1077

pathophysiologic mechanism that underlies each stroke type may give different outcome in post-stroke patients. This study aimed to compare the improvement of functional outcome between both types of stroke among stroke patients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS).Methods: Consecutive sampling was carried out on first-ever stroke patients admitted to neurological inpatient unit of RSHS from September 2015 to October 2015. Functional recovery, measured by subtracting Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS) on day-8 and day-1 of admission, was compared among two subgroups and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed.Results: Total of thirteen stroke patients was included in this study: ten ischemic stroke and three hemorrhagic stroke patients. CNS score improvement between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients was not significantly different. However, hemorrhagic stroke had higher score than ischemic stroke with 0.30 CNS score difference.Conclusions: CNS improvement between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was not significantly different.  DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1069

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease found all over the world, including Indonesia. The DM often found in pediatric patients is DM Type 1. The DM patients with uncontrolled blood glucose will likely suffer multiple organ damage, most notably to the kidneys, eyes, heart, and nerves. To help monitor blood glucose levels, lab checkups such as fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial, and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels are done. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of blood glucose and HbA1C in pediatric patients  with DM Type 1.Methods: The study was held in August to October 2014, using descriptive method and cross sectional design. Data were obtained from 28 medical records of DM Type 1 patients in the Department of Child Health at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The variables of this study were blood glucose level and HbA1 in three consecutive examinations. The collected data was presented in tables.Results: The patients were 19 female and 9 male, most of the patients aged between 11–15 years old. Data reported that on first, second, and third examination, most subjects had both fasting blood glucose and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose levels over 180 mg/dl. On first and second HbA1c checkup, most subjects had values over 10%, and on third checkup had results ranging from 8 to 9.9%.Conclusions: Most patients are girls and aged between 11–15 years old. The most have uncontrolled blood glucoselevel and HbA1c levels. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1074

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the knee joints characterized by progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage. In OA, which is influenced by several risk factors, free radicals are increased by local ischemia in the cartilage. As an exogenous antioxidant, vitamin C also plays an important role in collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. This study was carried out to identify vitamin C intake as well as risk factors in knee OA. Methods: The study population was determined by non-probability sampling with convenient approach to knee OA patients at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in October–November 2013. Data were obtained through questionnaire interview about risk factors, severity index of OA and vitamin C intake profile. Data presentation was conducted by descriptive method.Results: There were 47 patients diagnosed with knee OA in the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic. The result showed that 7 patients (14.9%) had low vitamin C intake for the last 3 months. There were 30 patients with family history of OA (63.8%). Thirty two patients (68.1%) were passive smokers, 44 patients (93.6%) had history of repeated use of knee joints and majority of respondents had obesity.  Conclusions: Most of the subjects have sufficient vitamin C intake and more than half have risk factors that may contribute to the incidence of knee OA. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1067 

Background: Sepsis is a common disease in intensive care unit (ICU) with high mortality rate. Administration of antibiotic has an important role to determine the outcome of sepsis patient. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of antibiotic prescription for sepsis treatment in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This descriptive study was conducted by retrieving data from 48 medical records of patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock admitted to ICU  Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) in 2013. The study was conducted from August to October 2014. Empiric therapy in the ICUat RSHS and Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines in 2012 were used as a standard for antibiotic prescription. The quality of antibiotic prescription was assessed then categorized based on Gyssens criteria. The collected data were analyzed in the form of frequency and percentage and presented in tables.Results: This study discovered that most of the patients had severe sepsis and septic shock. Based on Gyssens criteria, 35% antibiotic uses were included into category 0 (proper); 1.4% category I (improper timing); 10.5% category IIA (improper dosage); 9.1% category IIB (improper interval); 3.5% category IIC (improper route); 12.6% category IIIA (improper duration; too long); 1.4% category IIIB (improper duration; too short); 16.8% category IVA (improper; other antibiotics were more effective); 4.2% category IVD (improper; other antibiotics had narrower spectrum); and 5.6% category V (improper; no indication).Conclusions: There are still improper uses of antibiotic for sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock patients in the ICU. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1088

Background: Nutritional status is a final outcome from a balance between food intake and body’s needs of the nutrients. Elderly is people whose age more than 60 years old. In Indonesia, elderly population has increased. Its phenomena is also known as population aging. Population aging is related to malnutrition in elderly. Malnutrition is defined as the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.The objective of this study was to describe the nutritional status among elderly outpatients in geriatrics clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that used primary data in geriatrics clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from September 2013 to October 2013. The sampling method was convenience sampling. This study was done with  43 elderly ( women, n=27 and men, n=16) outpatients.The nutritional status was classified by the questionnaire of Mini Nutritional Assessment into malnourished, risk of malnutrition and without malnutrition (adequate). After collecting the data, it was analyzed by Microsoft Excel in presenting the proportion of the elderly nutritional status.Results: Among all the respondents, 27 (63%) respondents had adequate nutrition and 16 (37%) respondents had risk of malnutrition. There was no respondent who had malnutrition (undernutrition). Conclusions: Majority of elderly outpatients in geriatrics clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital had adequate nutrition. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1087

Background: The vitamin A supplementation program conducted every February and August  aims to reduce children morbidity and mortality. Mother’s knowledge on the importance of vitamin A is crucial to succeeding this program. This study aimed to examine the coverage of the program among under-five children and the mother’s knowledge about vitamin A supplementation in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor in August 2014.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving mothers of children aged 6−59 months in eight RWs in Hegarmanah Village. The mothers were interviewed to find out whether their children received vitamin A supplementation. Additional questionnaire-based data about mother’s knowledge on vitamin A was also collected. The subjects in this study were the mothers of 220 under-five children. Data collection was obtained by direct interviews with the mothers during their visit to the Puskesmas or during home visits to  children who missed the Posyandu appointments.Results: Two hundred and fourteen (97.27%) children received vitamin A supplementation and only 6 (2.73%) did not. The questionnaires revealed that 94 children (96%) received vitamin A, while 4 (4%) did not. The mother’s level of knowledge in vitamin A was either poor (1%), moderate (37%), or good (62%).Conclusions: The coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Hegarmanah Village reaches 97.27% and the mother’s understanding about vitamin A is generally good. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1079

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of disability and dependency which directly decrease patient’slife quality . Disability caused by stroke can be prevented by holistic and comprehensive management plan of stroke. Until now, there was no study conducted to evaluate management for post stroke patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS). Therefore, this studyaimed to describe level of activities of daily living (ADL) in post stroke patients in Neurology unit of RSHS as a basic evaluation for a better management hereafter.Methods: This descriptive quantitative study participated by 31 post-stroke outpatients in Neurology Policlinic of RSHS was conducted from September to October 2015. Interviews were done to assess level of ADL by the Barthel Index score. Variables  correlated with ADL (age, gender, stroke type, stroke occurrence, stroke risk factors and muscle strength) were collected from medical records. Collected data was input and presented in tables. Results: There were 19 females and 12 males with the age group of 55-64 year old (35.5%). Most subjects had first stroke attack (71.0%). The most common type and risk factor were ischemic stroke (83.9%) and hypertension (81%) respectively. Patients with a maximum score in the entire extremity muscle strength were in the range of 60-70%. Out of the 31 patients, 18 (58.1%) were classified as independent in ADL. Conclusions: The majority of post stroke patients in the Neurology unit of RSHS wereindependent in ADL.  DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1068