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RECOVERY OF MORE THAN 10 YEARS-DRYING Monascus CULTURES AND ITS PURIFICATION METHODS FROM FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION Suharna, Nandang
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 15, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.7

This study was carried out to understand the recovery capability of more than 10 years- drying Monascus cultures. A new simple purification technique from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment was also reported as a part of this study. The result showed that all drying cultures were recovered well and retained their characters such as good growth, pigmenÂtation and production of fruit bodies (ascomata), sexual spores (ascospores) and asexual spores. Several cultures showed its good growth in 20% ethanol medium. This study also reported sucÂcessful purification of cultures from fungal contamination using ethanol-soaking treatment. This self-drying method, therefore, could be suggested as a good long-term preservation method for Monascus cultures. Moreover, purification method from fungal contamination soaked in ethanol 70% or 95% was successfully effective.

VARIASI INTRASPESIES Monascus purpureus DALAM BERBAGAI SAMPEL ANGKAK DARI JAWA TIMUR Suharna, Nandang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Study was carried out to know intraspecific variation within Monascus purpureus in Chinese red rice (angkak) collected from a number of cities in East Java, covering isolation, characterization and identification of Monascus based on cultural and microscopic characters.Results showed that cultural and microscopic observation on 19 representative isolates of Monascus which each isolate was observed from 19 sample of angkak showed variations among those isolates.Those characters were rate of growth, pigmentation,crystalline hyphae, spore size and cleistothecium diameter.These results indicated that there are intraspecies variaty on M.purpureus used in angkak production. Moreover, cultural and morpholological characters such as colony diameter and askomata seemingly can not be used as taxonomic characters.

Variasi Genetik Monascus purpureus yang Diisolasi dari Beras Merah Cina Suharna, Nandang
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 3, No 3 (2002): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTGenetic Variation of Monascus purpureus Isolated from Chinese Red Rice. An attempt was carried out to detect genetic variation among six Monascus purpureus isolates by RAPD finger printing. The isolates studied were isolated from Chinese red rice (ang-kak) collected from Indonesian markets. Seven types of oligonucleotide 12-mer primers were used in this study. These primers were different from G+C ratio (42%, 50%, 68% and 75%) so as to know the best ratio for DNA amplication. Products of DNA amplication by seven primers were observed such as 158 banding patterns, comprise of 23 common fragments and 135 polimorfic fragments. The result showed that the six isolates were divided into two groups based on DNA banding patterns. The same grouping was also shown by phylogenetic analysis. This analysis indicated two cluster which were different from its genetic distance (49%) and two pairs of isolates were identical to each other. So far, this RAPD analysis proved that there was high genetic variation within the six isolat of M. purpureus. It was assumed that there was a tendency of species separation within those isolates. It is suggested that sequencing analysis on 18S rDNA should be carried out to ensure status of M.purpureus species used in ang-kak production.Key words: Monascus purpureus, variation, genetic, Chinese red-rice, RAPD

Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Ethanol Respiration in a Fungi Resistance to Ethanol Monascus sp. MM Julistiono, Heddy; Suharna, Nandang; Desnora, Beni
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 3, No 4 (2002): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTMonascus sp. MM was a contaminant fungus isolated from museum specimenpreserved with ethanol 70 %. In order to verify role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) inprotecting cell from ethanol toxicity during ethanol metabolism, SOD activities of Monascussp.MM and a Monmcus sp. NGK, which was isolated fiom fermented red rice (angkak), werecompared. When fungus was grown with glucose, CuIZn-SOD activity of Monascus sp., MMwas 7.1 times of thht of Monascus sp. NGK. Whereas in ethanol medium, CuIZn-SOD activityof Monarcus sp. MM was 24.6 times of that in Monascus sp. NGK. Induction of CuIZn-SODMonmcus sp. MM by ethanol was not observed. Compared with Mn-SOD, activity of CuIZn-SOD was markedly important (I 0 times of Mn-SOD when fungi grown with ethanol; 12 timeswhen the fungi grown with glucose). The data indicated that Cu/Zn-SOD might play animportant role in protecting cell fiom ethanol toxicity during ethanol metabolism. Ethanolrespiration rate of Monascus sp. MM was also important since O2 consumption and ethanoldegradation rates were clearly higher than that of Monascus sp. NGK.Keywords: Monarcw sp., superoxide dismutase, respiration, ethanol resistance.

EFEKTIVITAS ALKOHOL DAN CAMPURANNYA DENGAN FORMALIN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET SPESIMEN BINATANG UNTUK UDANG Suharna, Nandang; Rahayu, Rita Dwi
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

This study was aimed at studying the effectiveness of alcohol, formaldehyde and their mixture in inhibiting fungal growth.This study contained two step. The first step was fungal isolation from specimen.One isolate was then selected to be inoculated into alcoholat various concentration (15%, 30%, 50% and 70%) with or without formaldehyde mixture.The second was fungal inoculation intoalcohol at various concentration (15%, 30%, 50%, dan 70%) with or without formaldehyde.The effectiveness of these subtances as specimen preservatives for shrimp were studied after six months incubation time.From the fisrt step, only genus group Monascus was isolated from seven specimens(Mabuia multifasciata, Myotis muricola,Chironax melanocephalus,Naya naya sputratrix, Miniopterus schreibersi blepotis,unidentified shrimp, unidentified Coelenterata).From the second step, the best growth of isolate Monascus sp.MM which isolated from the fisrt step was achieved in 70% alcohol.This fungus was not able to grow in both formaldehyde and its mixture with alcohol (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). The results also showed that Monascus growth was observed in alcohol with not sterilized shrimps without inoculation with Monascus sp. MM. It is recommended to apply mixture alcohol 70% with formaldehyde 1% at ratio 4:1 as animal specimen preservative to inhibit fungal growth.

INTERAKSI ANTARA Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium sp. DAN Pseudomonas sp. SERTA KAPASITAS ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP Phytophthora capsicilN VITRO Suharna, Nandang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A preliminary study has been done to know antagonism capacities of three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, two isolates of Penicillium sp.and one isolate of Pseudomonas sp.against Phytophthora capsici in vitro and interaction among those six antagonists.The highest antagonism capacity possessed by Penicillium sp. KN1, respectively followed by Penicillium sp.KN2,Pseudomonas sp. GH1 and the three T. harzianum isolates. Except for those three T. harzianum isolates, the two Penicillium sp.isolates and Pseudomonas sp. GH1 isolate indicated anti fungal activity against this fungal pathogen.Based on microscopic observation, there was no mycoparasitism within three T.harzianum isolates against Ph. capsici.While interaction occurred among antagonist showed that Pseudomonas sp.GH1 was antagonistic against the other five antagonists.Growth inhibition by Penicillium sp. KN2 showed against this plant pathogen.Beside the need of further study in green house and field, this result appears the need of study to clarify and identify of the chemical subtance of anti fungal possessed by Penicillium sp. KN1 dan Penicillium sp. KN2.The result showed that the six microbes most potential for biological control agents against Ph. capsici.

ANALISIS DELIMITASI JENIS PADA Monascus Spp. MENGGUNAKAN SIDIK JARI DNA ARBITRARY PRIMER PCR [Species Delimitation Analysis within Monascus spp. using Arbitrary Primer PCR DNA Fingerprinting] Suharna, Nandang; Julistiono, Heddy
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 15, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A species delimitation analysis within Monascus spp. using Arbitrary Primer Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP PCR) DNA fingerprint was carried out. This is one of the methods used for identification and discrimination of bacterial strains within the same species. Its advantages including using single primer, independent of DNA quality, and observing amplicon shared by only some strain. This study analyzed Monascus sp. MM isolate which was originated from a source contaning high level of ethanol and two M. purpureus isolates which isolated from angkak. However, based on ITS region, 99% homology showed the unclear species delimitation. Therefore, this analysis was aimed at clarifying on the identities of Monascus species tested. The result showed DNA polymorphism among three isolates of Monascus that showed species delimitation. This study showed that species delimitation within Monascus isolates used in this analysis could be supported by AP PCR DNA fingerprinting. Therefor we suggested to use this technique or method for phylogenetic study to clarify taxonomic position of Monascus strains.Â

RHIZOSPHERE FUNGI OF GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK Suharna, Nandang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 6 (2001)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

An ecological study was conducted to assess the occurrences of rhizosphere fungi in three dominating trees (Altingia excelsa, Schima wallichii and Castanopsis javanica) within Gunung Halimun National Park.Rhizosphere trees in Gunung Halimun National Park was mainly dominated by Trichoderma (47%), followed by Penicillium (16%), Cunninghamella (10%),Mortierella (15%),Acremonium (7%), and Humicola (6%).Similar composition of rhizosphere fungi was shown by the three trees and mainly consisted of Trichoderma and Penicillium.There was negative correlation of rhizosphere to fungal composition which was shown by C.javanicus and the positive correlation was shown by A. excelsa and S. wallichii.Based on total of fungi encountered, Trichoderma was found to be the most common and dominant fungus in rhizosphere of those trees.Other fungi were also considered common were Penicillium, Mortierella, Cunninghamella, Acremonium and Humicola. Based on the number of samples, the frequency of the occurrence of Trichoderma was the highest (100%), followed by Penicillium (88%),Cunninghamella (59%), Humicola (47%), Acremonium (41%), Mortierella (35%), Verticillium (18%), Cylindrocladium (12%), Aspergillus (6%), and Gliocephalotrichum (6%).

KEBERADAAN DAN DISTRIBUSl JENIS-JENIS Trichoderma DI HUTAN KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN Suharna, Nandang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study was conducted m determine the occurrence and distribution of Trichoderma species in forest in Gunung Halimun National Park. Location for data ollection were Cikaniki (1.100 asl), Citalahab (1.100 asl.)and Gunung Botol (1.500 asl, 1.600 asl,and 1.700 asl).Isolation of Trichoderma were from non vegetation soils, rhizosphere soils and stumps of three dominating forest trees i.e.Allingia excelsa,Caslanopsis javanicti and Schimu wallichii.The isolation method used were soil plate (non vegetation soil,Rhizosphere soil), dilution plate (non vegetation soil.Rhizosphere soil) and surface sterilization (stump).Trichoderma viride recorded as the commonest fungus of its occurrence and the most widespread in non vegetation soil in all location studied. Other Trichoderma species encountered were T. longibrachialuin, T. virens T. koningii.T. hamaium. T. pseudokoningii and T. polysporum. While in rhizosphere soils of the three dominating trees {Allingia excelsa. Schima wallichii. and Casianopsis javanica) located in Cikaniki, T. hamatum, was the commonest fungus of its occurrence. Another common was T. koningii. Other species were rarely encountered were T. longibrachialum, T. virens, T. pseudokoningii and T. polysporum, and T. fertile. In stumps of four trees in Cikaniki four species of Trichoderma were recorded of their occurrences. They were T. harzianum (Memecylon excelsum). T. koningii (S. wallichii), T. viride (A. excelsa, S. wallichii and C. javanica) and T. virens (A. excelsa and M. excelsum). It i> concluded that in forest of Gunung Halimun National Park, habitat influenced on the occurrence and distribution of Trichoderma species, but not for altitude. Trichoderma was high in diversity, dominant in occurrence and widespread in distribution.

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