The mosquitoes species in pig pen area and its relation to the trasmission of Japanese Encephalitis(JE) in North Sumatra Province was studied as the first step of the investigation on JE prevalence inIndonesia. The aim of this research is to determined the mosquitoes species that can be a potential vectorsof JE and its relation to the prevalence of JE reactor of pigs in North Sumatra. Mosquito collections werecarried out by using ultra violete light trap, Magoon trap and human landing collections. Serological studywas done by using competitive enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) methode. The resultsshowed several mosquitoes species i.e. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. fuscocephalusthat can be a potential vectors of JE was found in this province. The environmental conditions and the pigfarm and horses stable management supported the development of ideal breeding places for mosquitoesand other blood sucking flies. It was reported also that the prevalence of JE reactors in pig farms and horsestable in North Sumatra was high (71.67%). The high prevalence of JE reactors indicated that the infectionof JE was actively occured between pigs-mosquitoes-pigs in thise area.

This study was conducted to investigate flea infestation and Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus 1758) infection on stray cat on Bogor Agricultural University Dramaga. Thirty stray cats were collected from various places around on Bogor Agricultural University Dramaga. The stray cats that showed clinical signs of pruritus and alopecia were collected purposively. The whole body was powdered by gamexan powder, after that the fleas were collected by manual and examined microscopically. The totals of 30 fecal stray cat samples collected and examined toward D. caninum used Mcmaster methode, flotation methode, and saw the existence of proglottid. The result of identification showed that there was found one species of flea, namely Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche 1835), while on faeces was not found D. caninum. Twenty one stray cats were infected by the flea with density average of fleas per cat was 3.8 ± 1.9 individual.

The research was conducted for 12 months at three different locations of poultry farm at Kemang of Parung sub district, Bogor. The sites are about 10 km away from Bogor, surrounded by orchards or other trees and far enough of human dwelling. The influence of ambient temperature, humidity, monthly rainfall and number of rainy days were observed against the population of filth flies Musca domestica and Ophyra chalcogaster. Within a year the four climatic factors during wet and dry seasons were not significantly different (p>0.05), and the influence of climate was not distinct against the population of filth flies and parasitoid. However, the population of parasitoid was strongly correlated of filth flies (r=0.921).

Kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pengamatan selama kurun waktu 20 sampai 25 tahun sejak awal ditemukan kasus DBD menyatakan bahwa angka kejadian luar biasa DBD mengalami peningkatan setiap lima tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mempelajari keanekaragaman nyamuk Aedes di kota Sukabumi, 2) mengukur populasi Aedes sp. berdasarkan jumlah telur dan indeks ovitrap, dan 3) mengetahui hubungan indeks ovitrap dengan kondisi rumah. Telur Aedes sp. dikumpulkan dari 14 kelurahan di Kota Sukabumi yang memiliki angka insiden tertinggi, mulai dari bulan Mei 2015 hingga Agustus 2015. Pengumpulan telur dilakukan dengan cara memasang perangkap telur (ovitrap) sebanyak 230 buah di 115 rumah (di dalam dan di luar rumah). Hasil pengumpulan ovitrap menunjukan jumlah telur yang diperoleh dari ovitrap di dalam rumah 3 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan telur dari ovitrap di luar rumah  (1307 banding 429). Nyamuk Ae. aegypti ditemukan pada ovitrap di dalam rumah dan Ae. albopictus pada ovitrap di luar rumah. Indeks ovitrap di dalam rumah mencapai 60%, atau 1,6 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan indeks ovitrap di luar rumah (37%). Rumah dengan ventilasi dan sanitasi buruk berisiko 3,09 kali meningkatkan angka indeks ovitrap. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dasar bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan melalui pengurangan tempat perindukan nyamuk sehingga menurunkan kejadian DBD.

Epidemiology study on Japanese-B-Encephalitis (JE) was conducted in Riau and North Sumatera Provinces. A total of 190 pig sera from Riau Province and 164 pig sera from North Sumatera were tested using competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) to detect antibodies against JE virus. Insect collection was also conducted using several methods near pig farms in those provinces and identified into species to gain more information on its role to distribute JE infection. Serological results indicated that 70% pig in Sumatera and 94% pig in Riau had antibodies against JE virus. The highest prevalence of reaktor was detected in pig of more than 4 months age in both Provinces. The results of insect collection showed that Culex tritaeniorchynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus were the most dominant species in both provinces. Based on serological testing, indicated that JE virus infected pig in Sumatera and Riau Provinces, and higher reactor was obtained in older pig. Culex tritaeniorchynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus were the dominant insect species in both provinces, hence those species had a possibility to play an important role of JE transmission.   Key words: JE, pigs, serology, insects

The continous presence of dengue virus infection presents a serious health problem in many tropical areas of the world because of the severe and often fatal disease in children. Dengue viruses are transmitted to human through the biting of infected mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This paper reported the nocturnal of biting activity of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in several areas of Indonesia. Natural population of Aedes was collected by bare leg collection and resting collection from 18:00 to 06:00 out door and indoor. The biting activities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus occurred throughout the night from 18:00 to 05:50 out door and indoor in Cikarawang, Babakan, and Cibanteng Kabupaten Bogor (2004); Cangkurawuk Darmaga Bogor (2005, 2007); Pramuka island, Pari island, Kepulauan Seribu (2008); Gunung Bugis, Gunung Karang, Gunung Utara Balikpapan (2009); and Kayangan, Lombok Utara (2009). These results showed that the biting activities of Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus did not only occur diurnally but also nocturnally.

Malaria is a preventable and treatable mosquito-borne diseases, whose main victims are children and pregnant women. Indonesia is the second most affected region in South East Asia and has the the highest malaria burden after India. The research was aimed to study the species diversity and biting activity of malaria vectors (Anopheles spp.) in Lifuleo Village, West Kupang District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The mosquitoes was collected by using (1) the human landing collection technique, (2) aspirators for collecting mosquitoes resting on the wall of houses and cow barn, and (3) light traps. The research was done for four months. The result showed that there were six species of Anopheles i.e., An. barbirostris, An. subpictus, An. annularis, An. vagus, An. umbrosus and An. indefinitus. An. barbirostris and An. subpictus were two species with the highest density. The value of man hour density (MHD) indoor  and outdoor  for An. barbirostris were 5.45 and 6.23 respectively, and for An. subpictus were 1.35 and 1.56, respectively. The blood sucking activity  indoor and outdoor for An. barbirostris occured at 22:00 to 4:00 and 21:00 - 04 respectively, whereas for An. subpictus at 8:00 p.m. to 21:00 and 22:00 to 23:00, respectively. Based on the value of man hour density the mosquito Anopheles spp. in Lifuleo village were exophagic and exophilic.

Bogor city is one of the greater Jabodetabek area which has a fairly high growth of the modern market.This should not shift the role of traditional market, if accompanied with an increase in the number andquality of traditional markets, among others by controlling infestations of flies on the market that can bea vector of various diseases.This research was conducted to identify the diversity and infestation of fliesspesies in five old Bogor traditional markets. The flies were collected using insect nets and then killed withchloroform to count and identification purposes. Measuring the prevalence of flies infestation in eachmarket were using sticky fly paper on block sale of meat, fish and outside market environment. Therewere ten fly spesies belong to four main families that Calliphoridae (C. megacephala, C. saffranea, C.rufifacies, and Lucilia sericata), Muscidae (M. domestica, M. conducens, and M. fasciata), Sarcophagidae (S.haemorroidalis, and S. fuscicauda), and Drosophilidae (Drosophila repleta). The others three families werePhoridae, Anthomyiidae, and Syrphidae. Fly diversity index on each markets were 1.203 (Bogor Market),1.038 (Sukasari Market), 2.678 (Anyar Market), 1.017 (Jambu Dua Market), and 1.618 (Gunung BatuMarket). Measurement of Calliphorid flies infestations as an indicator of the presence of litterdecomposition of organic material showed a high concentration in the market environment.These resultsillustrate the general environmental sanitation of traditional markets are bad.

Korelasi antara angka menggigit Anopheles (man biting rate-MBR) dengan faktor-faktor meteorologi sangat penting untuk mengantisipasi fluktuasi kejadian malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi kepadatan Anopheles spp. dengan faktor-faktor meteorologi di Desa Sungai Nyamuk, daerah endemis malaria di Kalimantan Utara. Kepadatan nyamuk Anopheles spp. didapatkan dari umpan orang (human landing collection-HLC) (pengamatan 18.00-06.00). Pearson Product Moment Test digunakan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara angka menggigit Anopheles (MBR) dengan faktor-faktor meteorologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kepadatan Anopheles (MBR), sedangkan kepadatan Anopheles mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian  malaria. Suhu udara dan kelembaban tidak mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kepadatan Anopheles (MBR). Curah hujan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu indikator dalam penerapan sistem kewaspadaan dini untuk mengantisipasi fluktuasi kejadian kasus malaria.

Epidemiology study on Japanese-B-Encephalitis (JE) was conducted in Riau and North Sumatera Provinces. A total of 190 pig sera from Riau Province and 164 pig sera from North Sumatera were tested using competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) to detect antibodies against JE virus. Insect collection was also conducted using several methods near pig farms in those provinces and identified into species to gain more information on its role to distribute JE infection. Serological results indicated that 70% pig in Sumatera and 94% pig in Riau had antibodies against JE virus. The highest prevalence of reaktor was detected in pig of more than 4 months age in both Provinces. The results of insect collection showed that Culex tritaeniorchynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus were the most dominant species in both provinces. Based on serological testing, indicated that JE virus infected pig in Sumatera and Riau Provinces, and higher reactor was obtained in older pig. Culex tritaeniorchynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus were the dominant insect species in both provinces, hence those species had a possibility to play an important role of JE transmission.   Key words: JE, pigs, serology, insects