Penelitian pigmen Spirulina sp. dilakukan untuk menentukan kandungan pigmen polar dan non polar dari Spirulina sp. dengan metode Spektroskopi UV-Vis. Pigmen polar diekstraksi dengan menggunakan larutan buffer fosfat (NaOH-KH2PO4) pH 7, sedangkan pigmen non polar diekstraksi dengan menggunakan aseton murni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pigmen polar berwarna biru dan kadarnya adalah sebesar 42,272±0,05 mg/g (berat kering), pigmen ini terdiri dari fikosianin (29,159±0,29 mg/g), allofikosianin (9,363±0,20 mg/g), dan fikoeritrin (3,750±0,09 mg/g). Warna pigmen non polar adalah hijau terang dan kadarnya sebesar 4,498±0,06 mg/g (berat kering), pigmen ini terdiri dari klorofil a (3,349±0,03 mg/g) dan karotenoids (1,158±0,03 mg/g). Ekstrak pigmen polar Spirulina sp. kadarnya lebih tinggi dibanding pigmen non polarnya. Pigmen fikosianin berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan aditif pewarna biru alami, karena: kadarnya paling tinggi, menghasilkan warna biru cerah dan cemerlang, bersifat nutrisi fungsional dan tidak beracun.Kata kunci: Spirulina sp., polar, non polar, pigmen, alamiResearch on pigments from Spirulina sp. powder has been done in order to determine polar and non polar pigments content by UV-Vis Spectroscopy method. Polar pigments were extracted using phosphate buffer (NaOH-KH2PO4) pH 7, while non polar pigments were extracted using pure aseton. The result showed that colour of polar pigment was dark blue and its content was 42,272±0,05 mg/g (dry weight), these pigments consist of phycocyanin (29,159±0,29 mg/g), allophycocyanin (9,363±0,20 mg/g), and phycoerythrin (3,750±0,09 mg/g). The colour of non polar pigment was light green and its content was 4,498±0,06 mg/g (dry weight), these pigments consist of chlorophyll a (3,349±0,03 mg/g) and carotenoids (1,158±0,03 mg/g). Due to the high content of pigments from Spirulina sp, showing a bright blue colour, having functional nutrition, and non toxic, the polar pigment phycocyanin have been found suitable for use as additif natural blue colorant.Key word: Spirulina sp., polar, non polar, pigment, natural

Uji toksisitas akut dilakukan pada juvenil udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei dengan pemaparan jangka pendek (96 jam) berbagai konsentrasi logam kadmium. Uji statis digunakan sebagai teknik uji toksisitas. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis mortalitas dan kerusakan jaringan insang udang vaname yang didedah logam kadmium pada salinitas yang berbeda. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan toleransi udang vanamae terhadap logam kadmium menurun sejalan dengan penurunan tingkat salinitas. Tingkat toleransi yang rendah dan kerusakan jaringan terberat terjadi pada udang yang didedah pada salinitas 10 ppt (LC50 - 96 jam : 1,66 ppt Cd) diikuti berturut-turut salinitas 20 ppt (LC50 - 96 jam : 2,54 ppt Cd), 30 ppt (LC50 - 96 jam : 4,41 ppt Cd) dan  40 ppt (LC50 - 96 jam : 5,16 ppt Cd). Kata kunci : Kadmium, Mortalitas, Insang, Litopenaeus vannamei, salinitas Acute toxicity test was conducted on Litopenaeus vannamei on short term exposure (96 hours) to various concentration of cadmium at different salinity. A static test was applied as an acute toxicity test technique. The objective of this study was to assesst the mortality rate and the damage of gill tissue of L. vannamei exposed to cadmium at different salinity. Tolerance to these metal was decreased progressively according to the salinity level. The less tolerant salinity and the heaviest damage gill tissue was found at lowest salinity/10 ppt (96 h LC50 : 1.66 ppt Cd) and followed by 20 ppt (96 h LC50 : 2.54 ppt), 30ppt (96 h LC50 : 4.41 ppt), and 40 ppt (96 h LC50 : 5.16 ppt), respectively. Key  words : Cadmium, Mortality, Gill, Litopenaeus vannamei, salinity.

The use of chitosan as preservative agent in fish processing had been conducted for some reasons for example its usage as food additive that can prevent microbial growth, as antioxidative agent, and, to some extent to produce safe food. This research studied the application of chitosan on salted-dried anchovy (S. heterolobus) preservation during storage at room temperature. The aims of this research were to know the effect of treatment (chitosan concentration and storage time) on the quality of salted-dried anchovy (bacterial count and organoleptic test). The experimental design used was Split plot in time design and using Randomized Complete Block with two factors. The first factor was chitosan concentrations (0,0%; 0,5%; 1,0%) while the second factor storage time (0; 2; 4; 6; 8 weeks). The results indicated that chitosan concentration and storage time significantly reduced the total bacterial count (p<0,01) but not significantly different (p>0,05) for organoleptic test. The interaction of chitosan concentration and storage time significantly influenced the total bacterial count (p<0,01).

Nowadays, there are not much knowledge of mangrove fruit. One of mangrove species which has been used as source of food is A.marina. There are toxins such tannin and HCN in mangrove fruit. They may inhibit food process of mangrove fruit. So, they must be removed. The material for removing the toxins is ash powder. This study used factorial pattern of Randomized Complete with split plot Design with 2 treatments and 3 replication,i.e: water immersion time (1,2,3 day) and ash powder concentration (5,10,15% unity). Data was analyzed by two-way anova using SPSS. The result indicated that boiling treatment with ash powder and water immersion had a significant effect ( P<0,05) toward content of carbohydrate, lipid, protein of Avicennia marina fruit flour. Boiling treatment with 15 % ash powder and 3 days immersion had best result toward content of protein and lipid of Avicennia marina flour, while boiling treatment with 5% ash powder and 2 days immersion had best result toward content of carbohydrates of Avicennia marina flour.

Turbinaria sp. is a type of brown algae that produce alginate. Alginate is widely used in industry, such as for a coagulant, suspending, stabilizers, film formers, gel formation, and emulsifier. The objective of research was to know the effect of temperature exstraction toward quality of alginate such as yield, water content, ashes content, and viscosity of Turbinaria sp. Sampling of Turbinaria sp. was done in Krakal Beach Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The method used was experimental method. Design experiment applied was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with Na2CO3 7 % by different Temperature treatment from 40 ºC 50 ºC, 60 ºC, 70 ºC, and 80 ºC of concentration triplicate toward alginate quality. The results showed that the higher temperature exstraction caused higher yield, and lower water content, ashes content, and viscosity. The result showed the highest yield was obtained at temperature 80 ºC (27,96 ± 0,34 %). The lowest water content was obtained at temperature 80 ºC (15,92 ± 0,63 %). The lowest ashes content was obtained at temperature 80 ºC (23,28 ± 2,51 %). The highest viscosity content was obtained at temperature 40 ºC (26,81 ± 1,20 cPs). Treatment temperature 50 ºC produce temperature best if seen from the odor of which set standard.

Spirulina platensis is a microalgae which rich of nutrients and has a potential extracts as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflamantory and antitumor. The aims of this research were to determine toxicity of methanol extract and crude pigment (methanol-acetone and diethyl ether fractions) of S. platensis against nauplii Artemia sp. aged 24 hour at 3rd instar as an antitumor. The aims of this research were to determine toxicity of methanol extract and crude pigment (methanol-acetone and diethyl ether fractions) of S. platensis against nauplii Artemia sp. The research was conducted in August-October 2011 at Microalgae Laboratory, Marine Station, Diponegoro University Teluk Awur Jepara. Toxicity test methanol and crude pigment extract calculated by LC50-24 hour with BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) methodes and pigment analysis was carried out by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The results of BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) methanol extracts and crude pigment (methanol-acetone and diethyl ether fractions) showed that LC50-24 hour values of each extract methanol (446,68 ppm), crude pigment extract ethanol-acetone (134.9 ppm) and a crude fraction pigment extract diethyl ether (91.2 ppm). The crude pigment has a cytotoxic effect LC50-24 hours <1000 ppm showed that the extracts are toxic to nauplii Artemia sp. 24 hours, 3rd instar and has a potential antitumor compounds. The results of pigments identification showed contains carotenoids and chlorophylla.

This study aimed to determine: Fe metal content and Fe pollution levels in water, sediment, and blood cockle (Anadara granosa) in Morosari River and Gonjol River, and coastal adjacent, Prefecture Sayung, Demak Regency. Sampling was carried out based on different time periods or seasons, i.e. July 2010 and November 2011. The research method applied was the case study method. While the selection of sampling locations, using the method of judgment (purposive sampling method). Heavy metal analysis performed using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results of Fe metal content in the water showed, in July 2010: the highest at Station A4 = 25.29 mg/l and the lowest at Station B2 = 1.35 mg/l; in November 2011: the highest at Station A3 = 3.23 mg/l and the lowest at Station A2 = 0.42 mg/l. Fe metal content in the sediment, in July 2010: the highest at station B6 = 32477.34 mg/kg and the lowest at Station B1 = 14017.14 mg/kg, while in November 2011: the highest at Station A5 = 68065.87 mg/kg and lowest at Station B1 = 33667.39 mg/kg. Fe metal contents in soft tissue blood clam (Anadara granosa) in July 2010: the highest at station B5 = 2068.22 mg/kg, while in November 2011: the highest value found in the A4 station at 8.25 mg/kg.

Products of petroleum of liquid waste can be caused pollution in the ocean. Waste contains of chemical element especially ammonia. High concentration of ammonia has toxicity for human and aquatic ecosystems. This Research was aimed to decrease concentration of ammonia by chitosan liquid. The research was conducted in Technological Laboratory of Pertamina RU VI Balongan Indramayu on March - April 2013. The Method of this research used randomized design with kind of treatments is 4 levels and 3 repetition. Treatments of this research used chitosan liquid 0,9% with different variation between chitosan liquid and sample of waste oil refinery, such as : (A) 4%; (B) 8%; (C)12%; (D)16%, with 30 minutes time contact. The largest decrease of ammonia contained in (C) 12% ± 12,83 mg/L (48,67%) and optimum adsorption is 10,28 % ± 13,87 mg/L (44,52%).

Development of industrial activities especially refining oil industry is a sector with large potential as a source of wastewater pollution. Mud waste from crude oil is the final waste from refining processes. Ammonia content of the oil refining industry is found in large quantities. This study was aimed to decrease the concentration of Ammonia used Chitosan. The study was conducted in Technologycal Laboratory of Pertamina RU VI Balongan, Indramayu on March-April 2013. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions. Treatments in this study were the differences of Chitosan concentrations, i.e.: A 0,0%, %, B 0,3%, C 0,6%, D 0,9% and E 1,2% with contact time of 30 minutes. ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials), were used to analyze Ammonia concentration. The maximum adsorption of Ammonia in Chitosan solution with a concentration of 0,83% in the amount of 48,79%.

ABSTRAK Muara Sungai Silandak merupakan salah satu subsistem drainase wilayah Semarang Barat yang bermuara ke teluk Semarang.Muara merupakan tempat akumulasi buangan limbah domestik dan pabrik. Dilakukannya reklamasi pantai pada bagian hilir Muara Silandak dapat menyebabkan sedimentasi yang akan mempengaruhi keberadaan makrozoobentos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tekstur sedimen, kandungan bahan organik dan kelimpahan makrozoobentos.Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel sedimen dan sampel makrozoobentos pada setiap stasiun yang berlokasi di muara sampai pesisir Pantai Maron.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sampling acak atau Random Sampling dengan empat stasiun.Pada setiap stasiun terdapat tiga titik sampling, sampel sedimen dan makrozoobentos diambil pada setiap titik kemudian dikomposit perstasiun.Sampling dilakukan pada interval waktu dua minggu dengan tiga kali pengulangan.Hasil analisis tekstur sedimen pada stasiun I memiliki tekstur liat sedangkan stasiun II, III dan IV memiliki tekstur lempung liat berpasir. Hasil kandungan bahan organik pada stasiun I,II, III dan IV sebesar 19,33%, 15,20%, 13,40% dan 10,67%. Sedangkan kelimpahan makrozoobentos yang didapatkan stastiun I sebesar 652 ind/m3 , stasiun II 696 ind/m3 , stasiun III 783 ind/m3 (tertinggi) dan stasiun IV 261 ind/m3 dengan katagori indeks keanekaragaman belum tercemar dan tidak adanya jenis yang mendominasi.  Kata kunci: Tekstur Sedimen, Kandungan Bahan Organik, Kelimpahan Makrozoobentos, Muara Sungai Silandak Semarang.   ABSTRACT Silandak Estuary is one of the subsystem drainage areas in West Semarang that flow into the bay of Semarang. The estuary is a place of accumulation of domestic sewage and factories. Coastal reclamation at the downstream estuary Silandak causing sedimentation that will affect the existence of macrozoobenthos. The purpose of this research was to know the sediment texture, organic matter content and abundance of macrozoobenthos. The material used in this research is the sediment samples and samples of macrozoobenthos at any station located at the estuary to the coast of Maron. The research used random sampling with four stations. At each station there are three sampling points, samples of sediment and makrozoobentos taken at any point which then composite sample at each station. The sampling was done with time interval of two weeks with three repetitions. The results of the sediment texture at the station I has the texture of clay while the station II, III and IV have a texture of sandy clay loam. The results of the organic material content at stations I, II, III and IV is amounted 19,33%, 15,20%, 13,40% and 10,67% and while abundance of makrozoobentos at station I are 652 ind/m3, station II 696 ind/m3, station III 783 ind/m3(higher) and station IV 261 ind/m3 with a diversity index categories clean water zone and not found the dominant species. Keywords: Sediment Textures, Organic Matter Contents, Abundance of Makrozoobentos, Silandak Estuary Semarang.