Study in order to develop molecular techniques using specific primers for the early diagnosis oftoxoplasmosis have been conducted. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii genome was performed usingpolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The primers used in this study were rDNA, P30, and B1. ThePCR products were further run using gel electrophoresis (gel 1.5% – 2.0%) and the band was documented.Toxoplasma was detected at 500 bp and 600 bp using primer P30 and B1, respectively. Whereas usingprimer rDNA no band was observed. It was assumed that primer rDNA was not sensitive since the targetamplification was 88 bp.

Telah diteliti distribusi spesies Culicoides yang ada di kitar peternakan ayam petelur di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui spesies-spesies Culicoides yang mempunyai peranan dalam menyebarkan penyakit leukositozoonosis pada ayam petelur. Sebanyak 762 ekor Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopgonidae) dikumpulkan dari dua belas peternakan ayam petelur di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman dengan menggunakan perangkap serangga Pirbright type rniniatur light trap. Culicoides yang diperoleh dikelompokkan dan diidentiflkasi berdasarkan karakter morfologis menurut Wirth den Hubert. Basil penelitian menunjukkan tidal( ada perbedaan populasi Culicoides dari petemakan ayam petelur yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman pada dataran rendah maupun dataran tinggi. Ada delapan spesies Culicoides yang diperoleh dari petenakan ayam petelur di Kabupaten Sleman yang berhasil diidentifikasi yaitu: C. lye, C. guttifer, C. arakawae, C. oxystoma, C. parahumeralis, C. peregrinus, C. sumatrae dan C. clavipalpis. Spesies Culicoides yang dicurigai sebagai penyebar penyakit leukositozoonosis di Kabupaten Sleman adalah C. huffi, C. guitifer , dan C.arakawae .

Telah diteliti distribusi dan identifikasi spesies-spesies Culicoides yang ada di sekitar kandang temak sapi di Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui spesiesspesies Culicoides yang mempunyai peranan dalam penyebaran penyakit bluetongue pada ternak. Sebanyak 2117 ekor Culicoides (Diptem: Ceratopogonidae) dikumpulkan dari kandang ternak sapi di wilayah Depok dan Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor dengan menggunakan perangkap serangga Pirbright-type miniatur light trap. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi menurut Wirth dan Hubert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Culicoides lebih banyak ditemukan di wilayah Depok daripada di Cibungbulang. Ada empat belas spesies dari kedua lokasi tersebut yang berhasil diidentifikasi. Spesies Culicoides yang dominan di daerah Depok adalah C. parahumeralis Wirth & Hubert, C. acioni Smith, C. ozystoma Kieffer dan C peregrinus Kieffer; sedangkan spesies yang dominan di Cibungbulang adalah C. parahumeralis, C. orientalis, C. orientalis Macfiei, C. peregrinus dan C. caystoma. Spesies Culicoides yang dicurigai sebagai penyebar penyakit bluetongue adalah: C. actoni, C. oxystoma, C. peregrinus dan. C. orientalis

This study is conducted to identify species of trematode and its pathological features in pigeons’kidney. Twenty five of Yogyakarta pigeons were examined for trematode infection in kidneys. One ofkidneys was mashed in mortar with a little water, the other was examined for histopathological featuresstained with hematoxyline-eosin.Trematodes found were stained with Schmison ´s Carmine. Seven pigeons(28%) were infected by trematode with non significant clinical features. Identification trematodescharacterized by oral sucker, pharynx, testes are slighty diagonal in position, irregular in shape and intracaecal. Ovary pretesticular and vitellaria widespread from anterior ovarium to the posterior body.Histopathological examination showed segment of trematode in the medullary collecting ducts lumen,dilatation, flattening and emptyness of ducts epithelial cells, emptyness, giant cells and dominationmononuclear cell in interstitial tissue, characterizing a granulomatous nephritis. Trematodes foundidentified as Paratanaisia bragai. The trematodes were found in very dilated medullary collecting ductsand caused inflammation in adjacent tissues. Further studies are needed to find out vector of trematodein pigeons .

A distribution and an identification of Culicoides species collected around the cattle farm have been investigated. The purpose of the research is to know the distribution and the species of Culicoides that might be a relevance to bluetongue virus tranmission. A number of 2117Culicoides (Diptera. Ceratopogonedae) was collected from around the castle farm in Depok dan Cibungbulang Bogor municipality. The collection was carried out by pirbright type miniatur light trap. The identification of species of Culicoides was based on the morphological character of the insect according to Wirth and Hubert. The result showed that the number of Culicoides was found in Depok region more than in Cibungbulang. There were 14 species identified from the two region. In Depok, the specieses of Culicoides were dominated by C. parahumeralis Wirth & Hubert, C. actoni Smith, C. oxystoma KiefFer and C. peregrinus Kiefier; whereas in Cibungbulang, they were dominated by C. parahumeralis, C. orientalis Macfiei, C. peregrinus and C oxystoma. The species suspected in their role of bluetongue transmission are C. actoni, C. peregrinus, C.oxystoma and C. orientalis.          

Rhiphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is important obligatory blood feeding ectoparasites transmittingmany different viral, bacterial and protozoan and plays a role as a vector of Babesia sp., The leria sp. andAnaplasma sp. in cattle. The accuracy in identifying and distinguishing interspecies and intraspeciesdiversity among parasites is needed to understand the epidemiology, biology and capacity as a vector.Variations in the DNA base sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region2 (ITS 2) has been used asa molecular marker for identification in an effort to determine phylogenetic relationships. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the ITS 2 gene nucleotide sequence of R. microplus, which was expected to beuseful for accurate identification the parasite diversity and phylogenetic relationship among many differentspecies. DNA amplification was conducted using BOO2 forward dan BOO2 reverse primers. The DNAsamples containing ITS2 region fragment of 1099 nt were derived from the nucleotide sequence multiplealignments of R.microplus and other ticks genes obtained from Gene bank using Clustal W software, andthen analyzed using the MEGA program version 6. Genetic distances based on nucleotide sequence weredetermined with Kimura 2-parameter method producing the smallest genetic distance of 0 % and 1.2 %.Construction of phylogenetic trees using the Neighbor joining method showed that ticks from variousregions in Indonesia was species complex which have a closer with R.microplus isolates from India, Laos,South Africa, China and Australia R.australis origin.

Telah diteliti distribusi spesies Culicoides yang ada di kitar peternakan ayam petelur di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui spesies-spesies Culicoides yang mempunyai peranan dalam menyebarkan penyakit leukositozoonosis pada ayam petelur. Sebanyak 762 ekor Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopgonidae) dikumpulkan dari dua belas peternakan ayam petelur di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman dengan menggunakan perangkap serangga Pirbright type rniniatur light trap. Culicoides yang diperoleh dikelompokkan dan diidentiflkasi berdasarkan karakter morfologis menurut Wirth den Hubert. Basil penelitian menunjukkan tidal( ada perbedaan populasi Culicoides dari petemakan ayam petelur yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman pada dataran rendah maupun dataran tinggi. Ada delapan spesies Culicoides yang diperoleh dari petenakan ayam petelur di Kabupaten Sleman yang berhasil diidentifikasi yaitu: C. lye, C. guttifer, C. arakawae, C. oxystoma, C. parahumeralis, C. peregrinus, C. sumatrae dan C. clavipalpis. Spesies Culicoides yang dicurigai sebagai penyebar penyakit leukositozoonosis di Kabupaten Sleman adalah C. huffi, C. guitifer , dan C.arakawae .