Preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes with ultrafiltration process had be done by phase inversion using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. Poliethylene glycol (PEG) 1450 Da, as additive, was added with 10, 20, and 30% rasio of celluose acetate. The thin film of polymer solution was immersed on water bath coagulation at room temperature. The analysis of membrane morphology structure by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) JSM – 5310 LV, Jeol-Japan showed the asymetric of membrane. The addition of PEG can improve the performance of the membrane. In resulting flux is higher than membranes without PEG. Increasing of PEG/CA ratio resulted in the higher flux with lower of rejection. The higher fluxes of water, dextran, and BSA are 146, 114, and 96 L/m2hr with 52,938 and 75,716% rejection for dextran and BSA.Keywords: cellulose acetate membranes, polyethylene glycol, ultrafiltration

The improvement of laundry activity brought a negative effect on the environment because laundry wastewater have a high content pollutants such as phosphate, surfactants, mineral, nitrogen, COD and other components, so the treatment is needed before being discharged into terristorial water. Laundry wastewater treatment has been conducted by membrane technology. Preparation of cellulose diacetate  membranes with ultrafiltration process had be done by phase inversion using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. The filtration experiment showed that the highest membrane flux was 77,408 L/m2.h at TMP 3 bar. While the lowest flux at TMP 1 bar was 55.649 L/m2.h. Rejection of membrane ultrafiltration for parameters of COD, phosphate, and surfactant were 67%, 72%, and 63% respectively.Keywords: cellulose diacetate membranes, laundry wastewater, flux, rejection

Penelitian ini menggunakan katalis padat CaO untuk reaksi transesterifikasi minyak biji buta-buta menjadi biodiesel. Minyak biji buta-buta diekstraksi menggunakan alat press. Katalis CaO disiapkan dari cangkang kerang dengan cara dipijar pada suhu 850 oC. Sampel katalis dikarakterisasi dengan metode scanning electron microscopy (SEM) dan x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Katalis cangkang kerang memiliki ukuran partikel antara 200-2000 nm. Hal ini karena pemanasan cangkang pada 850 oC menyebabkan terjadi aglomerasi. Dari rekaman XRD teridentifikasi bahwa katalis didominasi oleh senyawa CaO dan terdapat sedikit CaCO3. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilangsungkan dalam reaktor batch dengan variasi suhu (55 oC, 60 oC, 65oC, dan 70oC), rasio metanol terhadap minyak: 3:1, 6:1, 9:1, 12:1, dan 15:1. Reaksi dilangsungkan selama 3 jam dan katalis didispersi 6 % berat dari minyak. Perolehan metil ester maksimum dicapai 96,7% pada kondisi reaksi, yaitu: molar metanol:minyak 12:1 dan suhu reaksi 65 oC. Karakteristik biodiesel hasil penelitian ini memenuhi sifat-sifat bahan bakar berkualitas tinggi sesuai dengan standar SNI dan ASTM. Proses transesterifikasi minyak biji buta-buta dan metanol menggunakan CaO sebagai katalis basa heterogen layak diaplikasikan secara komersial untuk produksi biodiesel dalam skala industri.