Lipid oxidation system in which the fat is dispersed as emulsion droplets is still not well understood, although a large number of food exist partially or entirely in the form of emulsions. Therefore, this study was intended to examine how surfactant micelles influence the partitioning of antioxidant and hydroperoxides and how it alter the oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsion. To determine the ability of surfactant micelles upon the partitioning of antioxidant in oil-in-water emulsion, this type of emulsion, containing quercetin at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm, were prepared with polyoxyethylene 100 stearyl ether (Brij 700) or polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) with acetate or phosphate buffer (pH 3.0 or 7.0). Structurally Birj 700 has 5 times longer polyoxyethylene groups than Tween 20. After preparation of the emulsion, surfactant micelles (0-2%) were incorporated into the continuous phase to give a final lipid concentration of 5%. Lipid oxidation rates, as determined by the formation of lipid hydroperoxides, decreased with increasing quercetin concentrations. At pH 3, the peroxide value was higher than that at pH 7. Brij 70 decreased production of lipid hydroperoxides from palm oil-in-water-emulsions compared to the emulsions stabilized by Tween 20. the result showed that solubilization of quercetin into the aqueous into the aqueous phase by Brij or Tween micelles did not alter the oxidative stability of palm oil-in-water emulsion, suggesting that surfactant micelle influenced the oxidation rate by mechanism other than antioxidant solubilization. Key word : Quercetin, surfactant micelles, and oxidative stability

The aims of this research were to study the effect of temperature and storage on the oxidative stability of crude and refined canarium nut oil extracted from the seeds of Canarium indicum and Canarium vulgare. The experiment was designed to include storage of two type of canarium nut oil at two different temperatures for up to 35 days. The oils (crude and refined) used had the similar condition. Parameter used for oxidative deterioration indicators were two peroxide value, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and free fatty acid value. The result showed that refining oil can decrease component natural antioxidant of canarium oil cause more sensitive to the oxidation. Increased storage temperature can raise oxidation of crude and refined oils from both species Canarium. The peroxide values of crude and refined oils both Canarium indicum and Canarium vulgare stored at 30 °C were 2.17, 4.35, 3.36 and 3.77 meq O2/kg oil, respectively. When they were stored at 4?C the similar results were 6.21, 19.09, 8.12 and 17.23 meq O2/kg oil. Furthermore, TBARS value of crude and refined oils both for Canarium indicum and Canarium vulgare stored 30?C were 4.55, 7.78, 5.70 and 6.58 µmol MDA/kg oil. When they were stored at 40 °C the similar results were 9.99, 55.46, 12.46 and 43.62 µmol MDA/kg oil.Key words: Canarium nut oil, peroxide value, TBARS

SIFAT HIPOGLIKEMIK DAN HIPOKOLESTEROLEMIK PROTEIN KEDELAI PADA TIKUS MODEL TOLERANSI GLUKOSA TERGANGGU (TGT) INDUKSI ALLOKSAN 1) [Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Activities of Soy Protein on Impared Glucose Intolerant Rats Induced by Alloxan] Masun Lasimo 2 ) , Zuheid Noor  3) ,   dan Y. Marsono 3) 1) Makalah dipresentasikan pada Seminar Nasional PATPI, Semarang  9-10 Oktober 2001  2) Pascasarjana Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan UGM - Yogyakarta 3) Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian UGM - Yogyakarta ABSTRACT Previous studies indicated that soy protein had hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activity in induced diabetic rats. However when combined with different sources of carbohydrate,  the effects were not known yet. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the hypogylcemic  and hypocholesterolemic properties of soy protein combined with cornstarch or wheat flour, on four groups of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) alloxan induced male Wistar rats models. During the first two weeks, rats were given high fat and cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemic. On the third week, rats were injected with alloxan 60 mg/kg body weight to induce hyperglycemia, and in the following three weeks each group was given one of the following, casein+cornstach (CC), soy protein+cornstarch (SC), casein+wheat flour (CW), or soy protein +wheat flour (SW). The glucose and lipid concentrations of blood of individual rat were measured before and, 1st , 7th, 14th, and 21th day after the injection of alloxan. The results showed that the soy protein diets have hypoglycemic and hypocholestrolemic activity as compared to casein diets. The different source of carbohydrate diet affected hypocholesterolemic property of soy protein, but did not affect hypoglycemic property. It seems that the SC diet decreases glucose concentration more than the SW diet (17,45% and 7,04% from baseline, respectively). The SC diet had more ability to decrease total and LDL cholesterol (9,52% and 21, 89% from baseline, respectively), while the SW diet had more ability to decrease triglycerides (24,64% from baseline). Key  words: Soy protein, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)  and alloxan induced

INDEKS GLISEMIK KACANG-KACANGAN [Glycemic Index of Selected Legumes] Y. Marsono 1) ,  P. Wiyono  2)  , dan  Zuheid Noor 1) 1) Staff of the Faculty of Agricultural Tecnology and Research Scientist of the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Gadjah Mada University 2) Staff of the Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University.   ABSTRACT               Nutritional management for diabetic patients based on selection of low available carbohydrate foods has been criticized because the same availability of carbohydrate in different foods may result in different degree of glycemic response. This management is now being corrected by additional aid in selecting foods with the glycemic index (GI) of foods. GI is a measure of the glycemic response to the carbohydrate component within a food relative to the response to an equal carbohydrate portion of reference food (glucose or white bread). In Indonesia, data of the glycemic index of foods is still very limited. The objectives of the research are to provide GI of selected legumes, including red bean (Vigna umbellata), Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), cow pea (Vigna sinensis ENDL), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan MILLSPAUGH), edible podded peas (Pisum sativum LINN) and soy bean (Glycine max MERR). Eleventh health and normal volunteers (not diabetic) were provided. The volunteers took an overnight fasting, blood were drawn in the morning and analyzed for serum glucose. Then they were given the test legumes containing total carbohydrates equivalent to 25-g glucose to be consumed. Blood samples were drawn for glucose measurement every 30 minutes until 120 min after meal. Serum glucose was determined enzymatically and the glucose responses were drawn graphically. The GI of the beans studied was lowest for red bean (26) and highest for mung bean (76), Edible podded pea and soy bean had similar value of GI i.e. 30 and 31; whereas pigeon and cow pea had a higher value i.e. 35 and 51, respectively.   Key words: Glycemic index, glucose response, beans,  and diabetic

SIFAT HIPOGLISEMIK PAKAN TINGGI PROTEIN KEDELAI PADA MODEL DIABEIK INDUKSI ALLOXAN [Hypoglicemic Property of a High-Protein Soybean Based Feed in Model alloxan Induced Diabetic] C. Retnaningsih 1) , Zuheid Noor 2) dan Y. Marsono 2) 1) Staf Pengajar PS Teknologi Pangan, Universitas Katilok Seogijapranata, Semarang 2) Staf Pengajar Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta ABSTRACT   Hypoglicemic properties of soybean protein were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty eight mature male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (250-300g) were used and divided into four groups of seven rats. They were: 1) Placebo Standars (PS); 2) Alloxan Injection Standard (AS); 3) Alloxan injection soybean protein 250% (APK 250) dan 4) Alloxen injection soybean protein 100% (APK 100). One group was injected with aquabidest (Placebo) and three group were diabetic induced by alloxan injection (80 mg/kg of body weight by intramuscular injection). Placebo-Standard (PS) and Alloxan injection Standar (AS) groups were fed standard diet whereas APK 250 100 were fed soybean protein deit for 42 days. Concentration of serum glucose was determined before incention (0day) and 1, 2, 143, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after injection. The result showed that alloxan injection increased the level of serum glucose. Bioassay experiment demonstrated that diet on high conceration of soybean protein (250%) decreased the level of serum glucose from 351,44 mg/dl to 230,62 mg/dl (34,37%) while soy protein 100% descreased the level of serum glucose. Key words:  Hypoglicemic, soybean, diabetic and glucose.

OPTIMASI TEKNIK PEMBUATAN TABLET EFFERVESCENT SARI BUAH DENGAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD [Optimization of Processing Technique of the Fruit Juice Effervescent Tablet with Response Surface Method] Ansar 1), Budi Rahardjo 2), Zuheid Noor 3), dan Rochmadi 4) 1) Dosen di Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian, FP UNRAM, Mataram 2) Dosen di Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, FTP UGM, Yogyakarta 3) Dosen di Jurusan TPHP, FTP UGM, Yogyakarta 4) Dosen di Jurusan Teknik Kimia, FT UGM, Yogyakarta   Diterima 17 Juni 2008 / Disetujui  25 Juni  2009   ABSTRACT This research was aimed to study optimization of processing technique of fruit juice effervescent tablet with Response Surface Method (RSM). The research design used was central composite designs with three dependent variables including X1 (compression force), X2 (the citric acid concentration), and X3 (the sodium bicarbonate concentration), where independent variables was hardness and solubility of the tablet. The results of the research showed that the optimum tablets hardness was 40.53 N that reached at treatment compression force of 2339.8 N; the citric acid concentration of 352.82 mg/gr; and the sodium bicarbonate concentration of 561.62 mg/gr. Whereas the solubilitation of 41.99 second was resulted at treatment compression force of 1417.6 N; 334.24 mg/unit weight citric acid; and 593.90 mg/gr sodium bicarbonate. To get tablet characteristic with high hardness but solubilize quickly, was made at 1500 N compression force; the citric acid concentration 350  mg/gr; and the sodium bicarbonate concentration 500 mg/gr. Key words: optimization, compression force, hardness, solubility

Hypoglycemic response of red bean were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of red bean (Vigna umbellata) diet compare with soy bean diet on blood glucose concentration in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (250-300 g) were diabetic induced by alloxan injection (80 mg/kg of body weight by intra muscular injection). They were divided into three groups of ten rats. They were fed (1) Standard diet (STD), (2) Red bean diet (KM), and (3) Soy bean diet (KD) for 28 days. Concentration of serum glucose were determined before injection (0 day),after injection (day 17th) and every sweek during diet intervention (day 24,31,38 and 45th) It was found that alloxan injection increased serum glucose concentration of STD, KM, and KD rats. After 28 days intervention, red bean decreased the serum glucose concentration from 217, 87 mg/dL to 57,70 mg/dL (69 %) in KM groups and from 218,94 mg/dL to 76,82 mg/dL (65 %) in KD groups, but standard diet (STD) were decreased less than both of KM and KD diet. Key words : Diabetic, alloxan-induced, hypoglicemic, red bean, and soy bean

The aims of this research were to determine the influences of formula and compression forces on characteristic of effervescent tablet of fruits cereal. Variation of six formulas and five types of compression forces were studied in this research . Variations of the formula were carried on by combining different ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 3:1, 2:1, and 2:3 w/w) and compression force of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 N were applied. Characteristic of effervescent tablet of passion fruits evaluated were texture and dissolution rate. The results of research showed that the compression forces significantly influenced (? > 0.05) on the texture and dissolution rate of effervescent tablet. Variations of formula did not significantly influence (? < 0.05) the texture and dissolution rate. The effervescent tablet of passion fruits of good characteristic was produced by citric acid and sodium bicarbonate ratio of 1:2 w/w with compression force of 3000 N. Key words: formula, compression force, effervescent tablet

properties of foodstuff including fish muscles, hence protein oxidation will provide significant effect the integrity of the foodstuff (fish muscles). The aims of this study were to examine the effect of metal–catalyzed oxidation concentration CuSO4 / H202 on the formation of carbOnyl protein, loss of protein solubility and protein denaturation in red and white meat of White Tuna (Thunus sp). The result indicated that the formation of carbonyl protein offish protein was influenced by types of meat and metal-catalyzed oxidation concentration CuSO4/H202. 1,02. The higher the concentration Cu504/ H20 ? the higher increased the carbonyl protein product in both white and red meat. Formation of carbonyl protein was also increased with the storage time. However, the increase of carbonyl protein of red meat is higher compare with the white meat. Counter post the existence of hidroxyl radical produced from metal-catalyzed oxidation apparently leads to the modification of secondary and tertiary structure of the protein, in turn affect to the protein solubility and protein denaturation. The percentage of loss of protein solubility in red and white meat were 28.74 – 45.31 % and 23.13 – 34.50 % respectively. While the percentage of the protein denaturation of red and white meat were 38.88 % and 32.00 % respectively.

Hypoglicemic effect of soybean, soybean protein fraction and tempe was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.  Blood glucose and urinary glucose level were measured to determine this effect.Soybean protein fraction had the highest hypoglicemic property.  It lowered blood glucose level from 37.35 to 5.48 mg/dl/day/g carbohydrate consumed (85%).  Tempe showed lower hypoglycemic effect than soybean  protein fraction.  Blood glucose level decreased 51%, from 31.57 to 15.59 mg/dl/day/g carbohydrate consumed.  Soybean had the lowest hypoglycemic effect.  It lowered blood glucose level from 47.47 to 27.70 mg/dl/day/g carbohydrate consumed (42%).  Urinary glucose level had the same pattern as blood glucose level.Keywords :  Hypoglicemic effect, blood glucose level, soybean, tempe